Current Weather Situation latest forecast cyclone reports, and hurricane,flood images.

Health is wealth so preserve it. Life is short so use it in the right way. Cleanliness merely fits with the apt meaning of being free from dirt, dust, germs and bad smells. A recent shift has now taken place to recognise that ‘germs’ may play a major role in our immune systems. So experts say washing hands frequently, specially when in an environment of many people with infections and diseases. Washing is one of the best way to achieve cleanliness.Have a brief overlook on the following issue to be aware of how to keep one self clean.

A step way process regarding cleanliness of hands is given below:
• Use warm water
• But avoid scorching your hands.
• Use anti-bacterial soap or hand wash.
• Wash between fingers and use paper towels to wipe off.
Washing of hands has to be followed:
• Before eating
• After eating
• After using the toilet
• After playing outdoor games
• After attending to a sick person
• After blowing nose, coughing, or sneezing; and after handling pets.
The proverb "Cleanliness is next to Godliness," a common phrase that describes humanity's high opinion of being clean. Purposes of cleanliness include health, beauty and to avoid the spreading of germs .If your hands have any kind of skin cut or infection, wash hands with an anti bacterial soap. Thoroughly wash with hot, soapy water all surfaces that come in contact with raw meat, poultry, fish, and eggs before moving on to the next step in food preparation. Consider using paper towels to clean kitchen surfaces.
Keep pets, household cleaners, and other chemicals away from food and surfaces used for food. Along with removing any old food or dirty water, it’s a very good practice to clean the bowls or containers that the food and water are in, ever Hygienic practices—such as frequent hand washing or the use of boiled (and thus sterilized) water have a profound impact on reducing the spread of disease. This is because they kill or remove disease-causing microbes (germs) in the immediate surroundings. For instance, washing one's hands after using the toilet and before handling food reduces the chance of spreading E. coli bacteria and Hepatitis A, both of which are spread from fecal contamination of food.
Personal cleanliness:
• Daily washing of the body and hair.
• More frequent washing of hands and face.
• Oral hygiene—Daily brushing teeth.
• Cleaning of the clothes and living area.
• Use of bandaging and dressing of wounds.
• Not touching animals before eating.
• avoidance of unhygienic people.
• Holding a tissue in your hand when coughing or sneezeing.
• Suppression of habits such as spitting or nose-picking.
• Washing hands before eating.
• Not licking fingers before picking up sheets of paper.
• Cut finger nails and toe nails.

Pregnancy is not an easy job for a woman. Starting from conception to birth, a woman's body carries out the most miraculous process of fertilization, implantation and the maturity and growth of her baby (or babies). Her body is her baby's dwelling place for the next nine months (or around 40 weeks) and the occurrences of pregnancy turn into a journey of many new physical feelings. Whether it is first, second, third (or more) pregnancy, her body will respond in a different way to each individual pregnancy. So health of a pregnant woman is very important to be taken care of.

Throughout the first 12 weeks of pregnancy called the '1st trimester’, a woman's body adjust to present a fostering and protective environment for her baby to grow and develop. Seldom, the early signs of pregnancy can make a woman feel puzzled. This may be for the reason that many of the physical signs of in the early hours of pregnancy such as enlarged tender breasts, sensitivity of tiredness, overstuffed and perhaps experiencing spasms and/or pelvic uneasiness can be considered as normal pre-menstrual signs. In all these stages the health of the woman declines because she is not only feeding herself, also her little developing fetus.

They may also sense disgusted or sick, due to morning sickness. It is not unusual to feel unsure about what is 'normal' during the early stages of pregnancy development, and unfamiliar signs or sensations may trigger concerns about the health, of her and baby. It’s been proved by the Gynecologists that every woman's body will react in a different way to being pregnant. Many women find their early pregnancy symptoms very difficult to cope with, both at work and generally.

Due to continuous vomiting and nourishing the fetus the pregnant woman may be exhausted very easily. She has to constantly keep her energetic by maintaining a healthy diet schedule as prescribed by the physicians. She can have more fresh green vegetables and fruit juices to make her feel fresh and energetic. It’s always significant to make sure that she avoids drinking and smoking because whatever she has will be directly absorbed by the baby. Once the fetus starts developing she has to get primed for all the obstacles she has to experience throughout pregnancy. Many psychologists predict that a healthy pregnancy is not only from taking care of the nutrition for the pregnant women, more than that she has to be taken care from all the hassles in her family. It’s the duty of a loving husband to caress her comfortably and keep her happy always throughout the gestation period. This will not only make the woman feel happy and hopeful it will directly lead to the good development of the fetus.

Its an age old adage, boys will be boys, surrounded by their toys. In this case I refer to toys as cars. At the ripe age of one, I can recall my brother and his fascination with matchbox cars and money. He would pass his time racing them, smashing one into another, constructing intricate mazes for them to wind, turn upside down, and be washed all the while gleefully giggling away, not cognizant of hours passed.

As a rite of passage, on the day he turned sixteen, he raced along side my father to the to learn the right way to do business . He dutifully listened, took all the necessary lessons, and a year later he was managing some of his dad stores. With this came the magazines, the talk and the Forbes, Fortune and many other business magazines… with one thought in mind, how could he best soupe up this tank?

To a woman, to most I assume, to try and reason this it would be similar to and just as necessary as kitting oneself with the right shoes, the right purse, and the right jewelry. In a recent interview with car enthusiast Mr. Mansur “Manny” Barbari, I discovered how one man realized his childhood dreams as he explains to me the comparison between my brassieres and his car bras.

Mr. Mansur Barbari, it would seem to me that you’d be the envy of all the kids on the playground, and rather of your social circle, having access to the latest cars known to man?

Mr. Barbari explains that he’s built his company based on hard work, determination and vision. “I had a dream, I too spent years of my childhood racing cars, and building intricate labyrinths for my friends and I to race. I loved all the accessories for cars, though not like the kids have today- I’m amazing what technology affords the kids of today’s generation- its so close to the real thing- equipment that I yearned for as a child and now sell is available to the children- perhaps I should also venture into toys”, he says jovially.

Manny’s holding company, The Barbari Group of which Global Accessories is party to, in nearly three years has seen profits of over 500%. He has a sound business ethic, strong business acumen, is assertive and uncompromising. As a persuasive salesman, he knows how important it is to uphold his family name, and is unwilling to compromise when it comes to quality and service.

“I feel privileged to have gained access in such a highly competitive sector. I knew I had to come into this with an open mind, so as to gain the market share I needed for growth and to meet my forecasted profit margins. E-commerce gave me that edge as well as carefully strategized partnerships that embodied style, confidence and technology to suit my customers’ needs. Le Bra, Wolf, and Sadleman manufacture products similar to what you consider top end, high quality goods, and are highly sought after by car enthusiasts alike. What I like to call the Prada, Gucci, and Louis Vitton of car accessories- I think that’s the best way to explain the males fascination with car accessories- liken it to your fixation on Parisian prêt a porter. We don’t understand it, though we appreciate its value to women, and respect the fact that you must have it.”

Couldn’t have put it better myself Mr. Barbari. It only took thirty-one years for this woman with Parisian taste to have a newfound respect for my brother’s childhood pastime. Thank you Mr. Barbari, not only are you conquering the autoworld, you may have the makings of a world class book, look out Martian men, here is a man who has excellent taste in auto accessories and understands the Parisian pull that Venetian women are subject to. I think you’ve made a new fan.

Iptelecoms are pleased to announce the availability of a new 2 port IP analogue adapter and a new 8 port IP analogue adapter supporting SIP connectivity.
In addition, a new SX2 DualPRI card is available, providing a highly cost- effective product for customers who require greater PSTN connectivity.

SX2 Dual PRI Card

Availability

Effective immediately, the new SX2 DualPRI card is available for SwyxWare.

Product Details

Key Features of New SX2 DualPRI Card

Up to 4 cards from the SX2 family of products can be installed in one PC. Note: The SX2 DualPRI counts as two cards when installed; it will also show up as two network devices in the windows device administration.
Up to 76 B-Channels per PC are supported.

Configuration Examples

1. One SX2 DualPRI card + two SX2 QuadBRI cards.
2. One SX2 DualPRI card + one SX2 DualPRI card with fractional E1 (8channels per PRI).
3. If two SX2 DualPRI cards are installed with 30 channels per PRI, a maximum of 76 B-Channels will be supported.
Each port can be configured separately to TE/NT mode with a Jumper field.
Line-termination (120 Ohm resp. 75 Ohm) is independently selectable for each port. by DIP switch.

Part Number Description £ List Price

EXSG00060SX2 SX2 DualPRI Card (2xPRI) £699

Pricing

For full details of pricing, resellers should contact iptelecoms.

Notes On Compatability

The new SX2 DualPRI card uses a new driver (available on the iptelcoms.com website and included in the SwyxWare V4.40 CD). The board will work with SwyxGate version V4.33 or newer. SX2 DualPRI cards do not support T.30-Fax Transmission, e.g. only SwyxFax V2.00 or newer can run on these cards.

Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) is a term describing various technologies for implementing Ethernet networking at a nominal speed of one gigabit per second.
As a result of research done at Xerox Corporation in the early 1970s, Ethernet has evolved into the most widely implemented networking protocol today. Fast Ethernet increased speed from 10 to 100 megabits per second (Mbit/s). Gigabit Ethernet was the next iteration, increasing the speed to 1000 Mbit/s. It was standardized in June 1998.
Gigabit Ethernet is supported over both optical fiber and twisted pair cable. Physical layer standards include 1000BASE-T, 1 Gbit/s over Cat-5e copper cabling and 1000BASE-SX for short to medium distances over optic fiber.
Initially, Gigabit Ethernet was deployed in high-capacity backbone network links (for instance, on a high-capacity campus network). In 2000, Apple's Power Mac G4 and PowerBook G4 featured the connection. Recently, it has become a built-in feature in many motherboards. In May 2005, the Apple iMac G5 was redesigned to include Gigabit Ethernet. Its desktop and small-network applications include providing connectivity between cluster nodes, video editing and file transfers.
Gigabit Ethernet is not the fastest Ethernet standard, with the ratification of 10 Gigabit Ethernet in 2002, which is 10 times faster. florida discount health care Architectural Outdoor Lighting outdoor villa lighting wiley x

Home Run Statistics – Going Going Gone.

This was written prior to the 2005 season
The home run. One of sports grandest sights. Whether it is a line drive that barely clears the wall or a pop up that glances off the foul pole. Or if it’s a shot that goes 40 rows back. It is still a home run. We love to see ‘em.
Here are some of the great home run hitters. I have categorized these home run hitters in a particular way that I thought you might like. These statistics include the 2004 season.
Most 50 or more home run seasons
Babe Ruth, Sammy Sosa and Mark McGuire – 4 seasons each Willie Mays, Mickey Mantle, Alex Rodriguez, Jimmy Foxx Ralph Kiner and Ken Griffey Jr – 2 season each
Most 40 or more home run seasons
Babe Ruth – 12 seasons Barry Bonds, Hank Aaron, Harmon Killabrew – 8 seasons each Ken Griffey Jr., Sammy Sosa – 7 seasons each Willie Mays, Mark McGwire, Alex Rodriguez 6 seasons each
Most 30 home runs seasons
Hank Aaron – 15 seasons Babe Ruth – 14 seasons Barry Bonds, Mike Schmidt – 13 seasons each Mark McGwire, Jimmy Foxx – 12 seasons each Frank Robinson, Willie Mays – 11 seasons each
The following four players had 10 seasons each: Harmon Killabrew, Lou Gehrig, Fred McGriff, Rafael Palmeiro
The following seven players had 9 seasons each: Mickey Mantle, Manny Ramirez, Mike Piazza, Eddie Mathews, Tony Perez, Jim Thome, Jeff Bagwell
The following five players had 8 seasons each: Alex Rodriguez, Ted Williams, Frank Thomas Mel Ott, Albert Belle
The following seven players had 7 seasons each: Ernie Banks, Joe DiMaggio, Juan Gonzalez Gary Sheffield, Dave Kingman, Willie McCovey Reggie Jackson
Some Home Run Facts
Between Ted Williams, Stan Musial and Joe Dimaggio 1357 home runs were hit. Between the three of them they had two 40 home run seasons.
When Joe DiMaggio hit 46 home runs in 1937 he struck out 37 times.
Fred Lynn hit 23 home runs four years in a row.
Duke Snider had five 40 home run seasons – all in a row.
Hank Aaron hit 44 home runs four different seasons, He wore uniform number 44.

Basketball - 8 Power-Dribbling Drills

Most children first learn to crawl, then walk, and finally to run. Basketball requires players to not only effectively move their feet, but also to maneuver a basketball. Basketball players first learn to dribble the basketball with one hand, then to alternate hands, and progressively to increase to more advanced dribbling. As a basketball player, a powerful and effective way to keep defenders on their toes and increase your threat as an offensive player is to develop an agile and quick dribbling technique. The power dribble can do this.
A basic power dribble is when you dribble the ball at a very intense rate. Maintain your normal form and posture. Use your muscles to thrust the ball forcefully down, and then expect the ball to quickly bounce back to your hand.
The drills described below will help you gain confidence and agility to handle a basketball in a power dribble. These drills will help you run a fast break, cut through the defensive, and outmaneuver your opponents.
1. Power crossovers - Power dribble in your right hand, then quickly bounce the ball to your left hand. Power dribble with your left for a few seconds before bouncing the ball back to your right hand.
2. Dribble blindfolded - Wrap a cloth around your head as a blindfold, or you could simply close your eyes...no peeking. Power dribble a ball for at least 60 seconds. This drill helps you enhance your tactile sense of the ball. You can enhance the drill by performing it in the center of a deserted basketball court, walking around while dribbling. To make the drill even more challenging, try power dribbling two balls, one in each hand, while being blindfolded and slowly walking around a deserted basketball court.
3. 10-5 repeats - This drill exercises power dribbling with one hand at a time. Choose which hand your would like to practice. Power dribble for 10 seconds, then soft dribble for 5 seconds. Repeat multiple times. This exercise teaches your arm muscles how to alternate between various dribbling speeds that occur during game play.
4. Dribble between legs while walking - In order to do this drill you will need a segment of floor, such as a basketball court floor, a street's sidewalk, or a wide hallway that is deserted. Power dribble while walking up and down the walkway. Power dribble the ball between your legs to practice fancy dribbling skills. To enhance the drill, perform the drill at a quicker walking pace, maybe at a light jogging pace.
5. Double ball power dribbling - Power dribble two balls, one in each hand. This will increase your arm strength for dribbling and enhance your dribbling control. Since you can't look at both hands at the same time, this drill will also practice your ability to power dribble without looking at the ball.
6. Power dribbling sprints - This drill requires you to power dribble for an extended period of time and run back and forth on the basketball court. Stand at one end of a basketball court. Dribble to the nearest foul line, then return to the baseline. Dribble to the middle of the court, then return to the baseline from which you started. Dribble to the farthest foul line, then return to the baseline from which you started. Finally, dribble the entire length of the court, and return to the baseline from which you started. This entire continuous power dribbling exercise counts as one complete cycle of the drill. Repeat multiple times to practice your dribbling, speed, and direction-changing abilities.
7. 3-chair dribbling - Set up 3 chairs or cones in a line, spacing each chair/cone 10 feet apart. Power dribble around the chairs/cones in different shapes, such as figure-eights, circles, or any shape. Use your imagination.
8. Dirt dribbling - This drill actually requires you to leave the basketball court and find a patch of dirt. Power dribble on the dirt for a minute or two. You will need to power dribble the ball even harder than usual in order to get the ball to bounce on the dirt. This drill is an extremely good arm workout with power dribbling.
Start with just a few of these exercises, and then expand your workouts to include more drills. You can also modify the drills to be more challenging by increasing the number of repetitions or slightly modifying the drill. The key is to vary your routines and have fun with them. By practicing the power dribble, you will greatly improve your dribbling.

Jujitsu: History, Philosophy And Methods

Brief History:
Jujitsu is a 2500 year old unarmed combat discipline that has its roots in ancient Japan. The exact date on the creation of this martial art form is hard to trace but techniques resembling that of Jujitsu had already been incorporated into the training methods of the Samurai, from the 8th to the 6th centuries. Earliest Japanese historical records such as the Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters) and the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan) also have passages related to unarmed combat systems.
Before this Japanese martial art developed into what we know as Jujitsu today, there were many other Japanese combat techniques such as Kogusoku, yawara, kumiuchi, and hakuda etc, also collectively known as Sengoku Jujutsu. Traditions finally gave rise to the modern Nihon Jujutsu we know today, which is classified under Edo Jujutsu – the true unarmed Japanese combat system.
Jujitsu gained prominence during the reign of Tokugawa in the 1600s but was soon alienated when Emperor Melse regained power. However, towards the mid-20th century, the ban on Jujitsu in Japan was lifted, following the Meiji restoration, and the combat art form began to be widely practiced.
The Philosophy:
Jujitsu revolves around three basic states of mind – Zanshin, Mushin and Fudoshin. The proper combination of these elements gave the power, preparation and potential to the practitioner to excel in the Jujitsu art.
1. Zanshin – “remaining spirit” – connotes the readiness for anything at any given time.
2. Mushin – “no mind” – Its spontaneity permits instantaneous action without conscious thought.
3. Fudoshin - "immovable mind" –during times of confrontation.
Basic Methods:
Jujitsu is a circular, hard and soft, external combat style. The basic techniques of attacks includes throws, locks, hitting and striking, thrusting and punching, pinning and immobilizing, strangling and joint-locking, with strong emphasis on throws, locks, and defensive techniques. In-fighting and close work are also focused upon.
Even though Jujitsu is basically an unarmed fighting system, small weapons like the Jitte (truncheon), Tanto (knife), or Kakushi Buki (hidden weapons), which include the Ryofundo Kusari (weighted chain) or the Bankokuchoki (a type of knuckle-duster) may also be used in combat.
Competition Systems:
Conventional Jujitsu can be dangerous, or maybe even fatal if its fundamental techniques were to be applied. So, in order to make the art a safer sport for the competitive arena, systems and rules have to be introduced. That is why most of the competition methods have incorporated “Half-contact”, which prohibits serious attempts to knock out an opponent.
1. The Fighting System: This is the most popular method, divided into three phases. The first is for striking only, the second for striking, grappling and throwing, and the third includes ground-fighting such as chokeholds.
2. The Practical System: According to this rule, two defenders are surrounded by four attackers from four corners. Highest points go to the best defender judged upon effectiveness, oversight and control of the situation.
3. The Duo System: In this system, contestants are randomly chosen and awarded points for effective defences. The attacks are divided into four groups of five attacks each.
4. Combat Jujitsu: The most recent system developed in the United States. Victory in the competition is based on submission. The combat round between the two opponents lasts for not more than two minutes.

They are the devices that are helpful in getting the purest form of waters in domestic and commercial usage. They are Ideal for allergy sufferer’s .The distillers are widely used in laboratories, pharmacies, hospitals, doctors and surgeries. When they are filled with distilled waters they make 4 liters of distilled water in approximately 5 hours.
Steam distilled water: These are the purest form of water. A water distiller takes in nature's process of evaporation and condensation in a chamber, leaving all impurities after such as inorganic minerals, chemicals etc.
The Distillation procedure takes off waterborne contaminants, which are furnished such as:
Viruses
Bacteria
Organic and inorganic chemicals
Toxic metals (including fluoride)
Volatile gases
Cysts and other contaminants

The distilled waters are free from inorganic minerals of any kind and hence they are the best cleansing agents the body can always have. Distilled water is always necessary for making colloidal silver.

Under desalination, water flows through a membrane having salty side at one end and unsalted side at other end. Only giving pressure to can do this process the water at the membranes salty side. This is for two reasons. First, removal of natural osmotic pressure and second one is creating extra pressure on the water column then only water is pushed through the membrane.

The Requirement of pressure for desalination of seawater is 50-60 bars. Reverse osmosis a specific process, which is proved. Electro dialysis, distillation and ion exchange are some of the techniques are Used for water desalination.

Grisaille is not a paintings type by its own but an initial step in oil painting. It is the step representing lighter shades of the image to be painted. This type grisaille grey is basically a painting in lighter grey shade (followed as per the rules of oil painting the darker painting section follows the lighter colors to be implemented in oil painting) before the whole painting is all done. This painting is executed entirely on monochrome in various shades of grey which can also be used for decorative purposes such as representing an object in relief.

I was talking to my mate Clive about upgrading my Fox Micron SX Bite alarms to a set of three Delkim TXI’s, which is what Clive is using and he rates them highly. I have also heard about the new Delkim TXI Plus which comes in all the colours, red, green, blue, yellow, white and purple. I have called Delkim for a bit more information on these fishing bite alarms. I was given all the needed information about the bite alarms and the Delkim Pluses were also mentioned, a slightly cheaper alternative.
I am currently using Century NG 12ft 3.5tc fishing rods, so I really want a good set of bite alarms to go with these nice rods. I decided to go with the Delkim TXI Pluses. As it is going to be a nice weekend I’m off to my local fishery for 2 nights of Carp catching action. It will be the second time I’ve used my Trakker Armadillo Bivvy which I got at a very reasonable deal for www.sportsmanstackle.com
My last catch from my local fishery was a mirror carp of 28.4lb and a common carp of 25.10lb, my new common PB-UK. I caught these fish on Pro Gold (Terry Eustace) 12lb green Mainline to a Korda ready spliced lead core Leader, 3ox pear lead and blow back rig with a size 6 Gardiner Tallon Tip, with my favourite essential Shellfish B5 boilies.
As the weather is perfect today, I’m off for another session.

Steve Gefvism

My friend has invited me to fish on his own personal fishing lake. He owns a fishery local, which is near to me; he stocks carp, tench & bream.
I went for the day so I didn’t need to take my Chub bivvy. Instead I took my Preston match brolly just in case it rained. The lake was of a fair size so I took my handy Fox Elite Barrow, as I struggle carrying all of my fishing tackle. I decided to leave the rods and reels at home and took my Fox Competition Match seat box and Shimano Technium 1250 Competition fishing pole, using size 14 elastic straight through to 5lb fishing line. The fishing bait I used was paste, pellet, corn and maggot. I took my new landing net and keep net which I bought from www.sportsmanstackle.com and also the weighing sling and scales to record my catch.
I had an excellent days fishing, I did catch some good size carp up to 14lb and some tench to 5lb mainly using maggots.

Terry Gefvism

My son has decided to take up fishing with his dad. He has never shown an interest in fishing before so I was quite surprised when he wanted to go out with has dad to the local canal. He hasn’t got any of his own fishing tackle but he has decided he wants what his dad has got.
My son is 10 years old so I thought that buying new fishing tackle would make an excellent Christmas present. I’ve seen seat boxes, fishing rods, reels and all general tackle ideal for him at www.sportsmanstackle.com offering really good prices.
When they got back from fishing he had caught his first Perch of 1.2lb, a good size so I’m told. He was pleased with his catch. He was using ground bait and Maggots – Lovely.
So looks like someone is now sorted for Christmas, Fishing tackle. He will enjoy going to some of the local lakes with his dad. To catch more.

Mary Gefvism

Ethernet (this name comes from the physical concept of ether) is a frame-based computer networking technology for local area networks (LANs). It defines wiring and signaling for the physical layer, and frame formats and protocols for the media access control (MAC)/data link layer of the OSI model. Ethernet is mostly standardized as IEEEs 802.3. It has become the most widespread LAN technology in use during the 1990s to the present, and has largely replaced all other LAN standards such as token ring, FDDI, and ARCNET.
Varieties of EthernetOther than the framing types mentioned above, most of the other differences between Ethernet varieties have all been variations on speed and wiring. Therefore, in general, network protocol stack software will work identically on most of the following types.
The following sections provide a brief summary of all the official Ethernet media types. In addition to these official standards, many vendors have implemented proprietary media types for various reasons—often to support longer distances over fiber optic cabling.
Many Ethernet cards and switch ports support multiple speeds, using auto-negotiation to set the speed and duplex for the best values supported by both connected devices. If auto-negotiation fails, a multiple speed device will sense the speed used by its partner, but will assume half-duplex. A 10/100 Ethernet port supports 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX. A 10/100/1000 Ethernet port supports 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, and 1000BASE-T.
Some early varieties of EthernetXerox Ethernet -- the original, 3-Mbit/s Ethernet implementation, which in turn had two versions, Version 1 and Version 2, during its development. The version 2 framing format is still in common use. 10BROAD36 -- Obsolete. An early standard supporting Ethernet over longer distances. It utilized broadband modulation techniques similar to those employed in cable modem systems, and operated over coaxial cable. 1BASE5 -- Also known as StarLAN, was the first implementation of Ethernet on twisted pair wiring. It operated at 1 Mbit/s and was a commercial failure.
10 Mbit/s Ethernet10BASE5 (also called Thickwire or Yellow Cable) -- This is the original 10 Mbit/s implementation of Ethernet. The early IEEE standard uses a single 50-ohm coaxial cable of a type designated RG-8, of maximum length 500 metres. Transceivers could be connected by a so-called "vampire tap", which was attached by drilling into the cable to connect to the core and screen, or using N connectors at the end of a cable segment. An AUI cable then connected the transceiver to the Ethernet device. Largely obsolete, though due to its widespread deployment in the early days, some systems may still be in use. It requires precise termination at each end of the cable. 10BASE2 (also called Thinwire or Cheapernet) -- 50 ohm RG-58 coaxial cable, of maximum length 200 metres, connects machines together, each machine using a T-adaptor to connect to its NIC, which has a BNC connector. Requires termination at each end. For many years this was the dominant 10 Mbit/s Ethernet standard. StarLAN 10 -- First implementation of Ethernet on twisted pair wiring at 10 Mbit/s. Later evolved into 10BASE-T. 10BASE-T -- Runs over 4 wires (two twisted pairs) on a cat-3 or cat-5 cable up to 100 metres in length. A hub or switch sits in the middle and has a port for each node. FOIRL -- Fiber-optic inter-repeater link. The original standard for Ethernet over fiber. 10BASE-F (also called 10BASE-FX) -- A generic term for the family of 10 Mbit/s Ethernet standards using fiber optic cable: 10BASE-FL, 10BASE-FB and 10BASE-FP. Of these only 10BASE-FL is in widespread use. 10BASE-FL -- An updated version of the FOIRL standard. 10BASE-FB -- Intended for backbones connecting a number of hubs or switches, it is now obsolete. 10BASE-FP -- A passive star network that required no repeater, it was never implemented
Fast Ethernet (100 Mbit/s)100BASE-T -- A term for any of the three standards for 100 Mbit/s Ethernet over twisted pair cable up to 100 meters long. Includes 100BASE-TX, 100BASE-T4 and 100BASE-T2. 100BASE-TX -- Similar star-shaped configuration to 10BASE-T. It also uses two pairs, but requires cat-5 cable to achieve 100Mbit/s. 100BASE-T4 -- 100 Mbit/s Ethernet over cat-3 cabling (as used for 10BASE-T installations). Uses all four pairs in the cable. Now obsolete, as cat-5 cabling is the norm. Limited to half-duplex. 100BASE-T2 -- No products exist. 100 Mbit/s Ethernet over cat-3 cabling. Supports full-duplex, and uses only two pairs. It is functionally equivalent to 100BASE-TX, but supports old telephone cable (cat-3). 100BASE-FX -- 100 Mbit/s Ethernet over multimode fibre. Maximum length is 400 meters for half-duplex connections (to ensure collisions are detected) or 2 kilometers for full-duplex. 100Base-VG -- Championed by only HP, VG was the earliest in the market. It needed four pair of cat-3 cables. It is however questionable whether VG was really Ethernet.
Gigabit Ethernet1000BASE-T -- 1 Gbit/s over cat-5e or cat-6 copper cabling. 1000BASE-SX -- 1 Gbit/s over multi-mode fiber (up to 550 m). 1000BASE-LX -- 1 Gbit/s over multi-mode fiber (up to 550 m). Optimized for longer distances (up to 10 km) over single-mode fiber. 1000BASE-LH -- 1 Gbit/s over single-mode fiber (up to 100 km). A long-haul solution. 1000BASE-CX -- A short-haul solution (up to 25 m) for running 1 Gbit/s Ethernet over special copper cable. Predates 1000BASE-T, and now obsolete.
10 Gigabit EthernetThe new 10 gigabit Ethernet standard encompasses seven different media types for LAN, MAN and WAN. It is currently specified by a supplementary standard, IEEE 802.3ae, and will be incorporated into a future revision of the IEEE 802.3 standard.
10GBASE-CX4 -- designed to support short distances over copper cabling, it uses InfiniBand 4x connectors and CX4 cabling and allows a cable length of up to 15 m. 10GBASE-SR -- designed to support short distances over deployed multi-mode fiber cabling, it has a range of between 26 m and 82 m depending on cable type. It also supports 300 m operation over a new 2000 MHz.km multi-mode fiber. 10GBASE-LX4 -- uses wavelength division multiplexing to support ranges of between 240 m and 300 m over deployed multi-mode cabling. Also supports 10 km over single-mode fiber. 10GBASE-LR and 10GBASE-ER -- these standards support 10 km and 40 km respectively over single-mode fiber. 10GBASE-SW, 10GBASE-LW and 10GBASE-EW. These varieties use the WAN PHY, designed to interoperate with OC-192 / STM-64 SONET/SDH equipment. They correspond at the physical layer to 10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-LR and 10GBASE-ER respectively, and hence use the same types of fiber and support the same distances. (There is no WAN PHY standard corresponding to 10GBASE-LX4.) 10GBASE-T -- Uses unshielded twisted-pair wiring. 10GBASE-T should be ready by August 2006. 10 gigabit Ethernet is very new, and it remains to be seen which of the standards will gain commercial acceptance.